压缩空气中含有水分，会损坏重要设备。空气干燥机可以防止这些问题，确保您安全使用压缩空气而不会受到水份的影响。由于所有空气都含有一些水蒸气，因此空气压缩机产出的压缩气体会携带水份。由于湿气很容易损坏设备和工艺，因此需要去除这部分水份。
压缩空气干燥机的发明就是为了解决这个问题。由于许多行业都依赖压缩空气，因此他们的许多基本设备因空气管道污染、气缸粘连、空气阀卡住、孔口堵塞、变送器腐蚀、过程污染等原因长期暴露在潮湿环境中。然而在压缩空气干燥机和过滤器的作用下，产出洁净、干燥的压缩空气供设备使用，同时减少了设备的损坏、设备停机时间和以及维护费用。
水份的影响
与在其他环境中一样，压缩空气中所含的水蒸气在低于特定温度（称为露点）后会开始凝结。该温度取决于环境温度和气压等周围条件，但在工厂等相对受控的环境中，它应或多或少保持恒定，以确保水保持蒸汽状态，不会凝结成有害液体水。
如果不考虑露点，空气压缩机会对工业设备造成严重破坏，将大量水分引入必须保持干燥的环境中。过多的水分会在气缸中产生不必要的阻力，促使关键工作部件生锈，改变过程的颜色和一致性，破坏油漆工作，并阻碍传感器和仪表正常工作。如果不为空气压缩机配备合适的空气干燥机，潮湿的压缩空气可能对设施造成的过度维护、修理甚至损坏。
空气净化干燥
只需配备空气干燥机，就可以在很大程度上避免潮湿带来的不可控后果。例如吸附式干燥机使用硅胶、活性氧化铝或分子筛作为吸附剂去除空气中的水份，非常适合在车身修理厂喷漆以获得均匀的涂层。吸附式干燥机也经常用于从压缩空气中去除水份的工业环境，如潮湿的空气管线容易冻结等。
冷冻式干燥机使用制冷剂气体，将压缩空气冷却至略高于水结冰的温度。然后除去冷凝水份并重新加热干燥的空气，得到露点稳定的压缩空气送入管路中，用于气动工具、气缸、阀门和各种工艺。除了要对水份干燥之外，要求严苛的工艺流程都会先对压缩空气进行除油除尘过滤，然后进行干燥，干燥后再对气体进行过滤。确保产出的压缩空气干净，无色无味。
与空气压缩机非常相似，压缩空气干燥机取决于公司在何处以及如何使用压缩空气。例如在南方的空气湿度与北方空气湿度和温度完全不同，另外还有不同工艺对水份的要求，配备不同类型的压缩空气干燥机。
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